Development of a five-dimensional measure of adult sleep quality

This article describes the development of a measure of adult sleep quality: the Adult Sleep-Wake Scale ( ADSWS). The ADSWS is a self-report pencil-and-paper measure of sleep quality consisting of five behavioral dimensions ( Going to Bed, Falling Asleep, Maintaining Sleep, Reinitiating Sleep, and Returning to Wakefulness). Data were collected from three samples. Study 1 describes the derivation of an initial pool of items. Further scale refinement is described in Studies 2 and 3. Construct validity of scores on the ADSWS was examined via correlations between ADSWS scores and scores on ( 1) two personality variables ( Negative Affectivity and Positive Affectivity); ( 2) three work-related stressors ( Interpersonal Conflict, Work Demands, and Job Ambiguity); and ( 3) three strain outcomes ( Depression, Health Complaints, and Frustration). In Study 3, data were collected from participants across three time periods to assess estimates of test-retest reliability and convergent and divergent validity using procedures described by Campbell and Fiske. The findings indicate that the psychometric properties of scores on the ADSWS exceed criteria for use of an instrument in research settings. In addition, across all three studies, scores on ADSWS subscales correlated, as hypothesized, with personality, stressor, and strain variables.