Breathing: Rhythmicity, plasticity, chemosensitivity

被引:665
作者
Feldman, JL [1 ]
Mitchell, GS
Nattie, EE
机构
[1] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Neurobiol, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
[2] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Comparat Biosci, Madison, WI 53706 USA
[3] Dartmouth Coll Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Lebanon, NH 03756 USA
关键词
preBotzinger; pacemaker; neurokinin; serotonin; raphe;
D O I
10.1146/annurev.neuro.26.041002.131103
中图分类号
Q189 [神经科学];
学科分类号
071006 ;
摘要
Breathing is a vital behavior that is particularly amenable to experimental investigation. We review recent progress on three problems of broad interest. (i) Where and how is respiratory rhythm generated? The preBotzinger Complex is a critical site, whereas pacemaker neurons may not be essential. The possibility that coupled oscillators are involved is considered. (ii) What are the mechanisms that underlie the plasticity necessary for adaptive changes in breathing? Serotonin-dependent long-term facilitation following intermittent hypoxia is an important example of such plasticity, and a model that can account for this adaptive behavior is discussed. (iii) Where and how are the regulated variables CO2 and pH sensed? These sensors are essential if breathing is to be appropriate for metabolism. Neurons with appropriate chemosensitivity are spread throughout the brainstem; their individual properties and collective role are just beginning to be understood.
引用
收藏
页码:239 / 266
页数:32
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