Lead analysis: Past and present

[The suspected material] is to be acted on with dilute nitric acid, and the resulting liquid filtered. If the addition of dilute sulphuric acid to the filtered liquid produce a white, if chromate of postash a yellow, and, lastly, if sulphuretted hydrogen a black precipitate, the presence of lead is fully determined. Mitchell, 1848 A.D.: An Early Analytical Text. Take two to three pounds of the juice of the Lunaria, add a solution of lead, alum, salpetre, sal ammoniac, silver-litharge, quick-silver sublimate, vinegar and ginger, then distil and calcinate. This powder is then thickened with a silver solution into paste. One part in a hundred of this paste, heated on a copper plate, could theoretically turn tin, lead, or quicksilver into silver at a ratio of one to a hundred parts. Raymond Lully, 1235 A.D.; The past and present analysis of lead is presented. Determinations based on alloys/metal formation consists of anodic stripping voltammetry, cathodic stripping voltammetry and lead oxide electrolytic deposition. Titration method of analysis of soluble complexes of lead, chelates and molecular recognition and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid-based methods are also discussed.