NXY-059, a free radical-trapping agent, substantially lessens the functional disability resulting from cerebral ischemia in a primate species

Background and Purpose-NXY-059 is a novel nitrone with free radical-trapping properties that has a considerable neuroprotective effect in rats. We have now examined the efficacy of this drug at reducing long-term functional disability in a primate model of stroke. Methods-Twelve monkeys were trained and tested on a variety of behavioral tasks used to dissociate and quantify motor and spatial deficits. Five minutes after permanent occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery, monkeys received a 1-mL intravenous infusion of either saline or NXY-059 (28 mg . kg(-1)), and osmotic minipumps, model 2001D, were implanted subcutaneously to provide continuous drug or saline infusion for 48 hours. Drug-filled pumps released NXY-059 at 16 mg . kg(-1) . h(-1). The monkeys were retested 3 and 10 weeks after surgery to assess functional disability. Surgery, behavioral testing, and histology were all done blinded to treatment condition. Results-NXY-059-treated monkeys were significantly better at reaching with their hemiparetic arm than were saline-treated monkeys when retested 3 weeks (P<0.01) and 10 weeks (P<0.01) after surgery. Drug treatment also significantly lessened the degree of spatial perceptual neglect (P<0.01), a debilitating though ameliorating consequence of this infarct. NXY-059 treatment reduced the overall amount of brain damage by >50% of saline-treatment values, with similar levels of protection afforded to both white and gray matter. Conclusions-This novel drug has a substantial protective effect, lessening the disability caused by an experimentally induced stroke in a primate species. These findings provide considerable encouragement for the clinical development of NXY-059.