Role of morphology and crystallinity of nanorod and planar electron transport layers on the performance and long term durability of perovskite solar cells

High efficiency is routinely reported in CH3NH3PbI3-xClx sensitized mesoscopic solar cells (PSCs) employing planar and scaffold architectures; however, a systematic comparison of their photovoltaic performance under similar experimental conditions and their long term stability have so far not been discussed. In this paper, we compare the performance and durability of PSCs employing these two device configurations and conclude that although a planar architecture routinely provides high initial photo-conversion efficiency (PCE), particularly high open-circuit voltage (V-OC), a scaffold is crucial to achieve long-term durable performance of such devices. In a comparative study of scaffold (rutile nanorods, NRs) vs. planar devices, the efficiency in latter dropped off by one order of magnitude in similar to 300 h despite their similar initial PCE of similar to 12%. We compared the performance and the durability of two types of scaffolds, i.e., pristine and TiCl4 treated NRs, and observed that the pristine NRs showed >10% improvement in the PCE after similar to 1300 h whereas the cells employing post-treated NR scaffold retained similar to 60% of initial value. We address the origin of the different photovoltaic performance of planar and scaffold devices in the context of photoanode morphology and its possible effect on the cell durability. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.