Efferent neural projections of angiotensin receptor (AT1) expressing neurones in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of the rat

Angiotensin II acts within the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) to help mediate a number of autonomic and endocrine responses. Evidence is sparse in regard to the particular neuronal cell groups that exhibit angiotensin II type 1 receptors within the PVN, and does not exist in relation to specified efferent neuronal populations in the nucleus. In the present experiments, retrogradely transported neuronal tracers were utilized in conjunction with immunohistochemistry using a well characterized polyclonal antibody raised against a decapeptide sequence at the carboxy terminus of the AT(1) receptor, to determine whether it is preferentially distributed amongst different efferent populations within the PVN. The AT(1) receptor is not associated with neurones in the PVN that project axons to the spinal cord, dorsomedial or ventrolateral medulla but coexists strongly with neurones in the anterior parvocellular division of the nucleus which direct axons to the median eminence. Such neurones often contain corticotropin releasing factor. These findings highlight the role that angiotensin II and AT(1) receptors in the PVN may play in the mediation of responses to stress.