Illicit drugs in Canadian municipal wastewater and estimates of community drug use

被引：167

作者：

Metcalfe, Chris ^{[1
]}

Tindale, Kathryn ^{[1
]}

Li, Hongxia ^{[1
]}

Rodayan, Angela ^{[2
]}

Yargeau, Viviane ^{[2
]}

机构：

[1] Trent Univ, Worsfold Water Qual Ctr, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada

[2] McGill Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Montreal, PQ H3A 2B2, Canada

来源：

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION | 2010年 / 158卷 / 10期

基金：

加拿大自然科学与工程研究理事会;

关键词：

Illicit drugs; Drugs of abuse; Cocaine; Amphetamines; Wastewater; SURFACE WATERS; PHARMACEUTICALS; ABUSE;

D O I：

10.1016/j.envpol.2010.07.002

中图分类号：

X [环境科学、安全科学];

学科分类号：

08 ; 0830 ;

摘要：

In this study of wastewater treatment plants in three Canadian cities, selected illicit drugs, including cocaine and its major metabolite, benzoylecgonine (BE), amphetamine, methamphetamine and ecstasy (i.e. MDMA) were detected in untreated wastewater. Cocaine was the most widely used illicit drug at a median level for the 3 cities of 15.7 doses per day per 1000 people. For the other drugs, the median doses per day per 1000 people were 1.8 for amphetamine, 4.5 for methamphetamine and 0.4 for ecstasy. Methamphetamine use was highest in the largest city and cocaine use was lowest in the smallest city. Removal of the illicit drugs by wastewater treatment was generally >50%, except in a WWTP that uses primary treatment. The community consumption estimate for ecstasy in the present study is far below published estimates of the prevalence of ecstasy use among the Canadian population, which may be due to only occasional use of ecstasy. (c) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

引用

页码：3179 / 3185

页数：7

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