Craniectomy in severe, life-threatening encephalitis: a report on outcome and long-term prognosis of four cases

Objective: To report the feasibility of craniectomy with duraplasty in four patients with life-threatening encephalitis and, in particular. their long-term outcome. Design: Report of four cases, analysis of the acute clinical course and neurological long-term sequelae. Results: Generous craniectomy with duraplasty was performed in four patients with life-threatening encephalitis leading to decortication and decerebration. This treatment approach reduced intracranial pressure. The long-term sequelae (1.5-8 years after craniectomy) confirmed its appropriateness, having led to full neurological (cerebral) function, resocialization, and reintegration into their professional life in all four patients. Conclusion: Craniectomy with dural augmentation is a treatment approach in cases of severe space-occupying encephalitis, not only saving the patient's life but also leading to favorable long-term outcome.