Is there a "Most perfect fluid" consistent with quantum field theory?

被引:75
作者
Cohen, Thomas D. [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA
关键词
D O I
10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.021602
中图分类号
O4 [物理学];
学科分类号
0702 ;
摘要
It was recently conjectured that the ratio of the shear viscosity to entropy density eta/s for any fluid always exceeds h/(4 pi k(B)). A theoretical counterexample to this bound can be constructed from a nonrelativistic gas by increasing the number of species in the fluid while keeping the dynamics essentially independent of the species type. The question of whether the underlying structure of relativistic quantum field theory generically inhibits the realization of such a system and thereby preserves the possibility of a universal bound is considered here. Using rather conservative assumptions, it is shown here that a metastable gas of heavy mesons in a particular controlled regime of QCD provides a realization of the counterexample and is consistent with a well-defined underlying relativistic quantum field theory. Thus, quantum field theory appears to impose no lower bound on eta/s, at least for metastable fluids.
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