Diabetes complicating pregnancy

Women with diabetes mellitus that precedes pregnancy have predictable but modifiable risks of fetal malformation, fetal macrosomia, fetal demise, and maternal pyelonephritis, hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension. Women diagnosed with gestational diabetes very early in pregnancy most likely had pre-existing disease and have outcomes similar to pregestational diabetics. Most cases of gestational diabetes are diagnosed with glucose tolerance testing. Despite the large resource allocation to the detection and monitoring of glucose intolerance in pregnancy, attributable benefits are few and difficult to quantitate.