Diurnal cycles of gaseous mercury within the snowpack at Kuujjuarapik/Whapmagoostui, Quebec, Canada

Mercury is a globally dispersed and toxic pollutant that can be transported far from its emission sources. In polar and subpolar regions, recent research activities have demonstrated its ability to be converted and deposited rapidly onto snow surfaces during the so-known Mercury Depletion Events (MDEs). The fate of mercury once deposited onto snow surfaces is still unclear: a part could be re-emitted to the atmosphere, the other part could contaminate water systems at the snowmelt. Its capacity to transform to more toxic form and to bioaccumulate in the food chain has consequently made mercury a threat for Arctic ecosystems. The snowpack is a medium that greatly interacts with a variety of atmospheric gases. Its role in the understanding of the fate of deposited mercury is crucial though it is poorly understood. In April 2002, we studied an environmental component of mercury, which is interstitial gaseous mercury (IGM) present in the air of the snowpack at Kuujjuarapik/Whapmagoostui (55degreesN, 77degreesW), Canada on the east shore of the Hudson Bay. We report here for the first time continuous IGM measurements at various depths inside a seasonal snowpack. IGM concentrations exhibit a well-marked diurnal cycle with uninterrupted events of Hg-0 depletion and production within the snowpack. A possible explanation of Hg-0 depletion within the snowpack may be Hg-0 oxidation processes. Additionally, we assume that the notable production of Hg-0 during the daytime may be the results of photoreduction and photoinitiated reduction of Hg(II) complexes. These new observations show that the snowpack plays undoubtedly a role in the global mercury cycle.