Thermodynamic modeling of the palladium-lead-tin system

A set of self-consistent, thermodynamic model parameters is presented to describe the phase equilibria of Palladium-Lead (Pd-Pb) and Palladium-Tin (Pd-Sn) systems. A sublattice model is used for thermodynamic modeling of the intermediate phases. The experimental data agree very well with the values calculated using the optimized model parameters. Several isothermal and vertical sections of the ternary system, relevant to microelectronic soldering applications, are calculated. Several experiments are proposed, the data from which will be extremely helpful in refining the thermodynamic model parameters.