Chemopreventive effects of minor dietary constituents in common foods on human cancer cells

Epidemiological evidence has sugged that vegetables and fruits may have a role in cancer prevention. The aim of the present study was to examine the anti-proliferative activity of ten related pure compounds from common vegetables and fruits. Studies were conducted on a series of carcinoma cells derived from eight human organs. The results show that linalool possessed the strongest activity against nine carcinoma cells, and that baicalein and luteolin also exhibited a broad spectrum of anti-proliferative activities. Among them, linalool showed the strongest activity against carcinoma of the cervix (IC50: 0.37 mu g/ml), stomach (IC50: 14.1 mu g/ml), skin (IC50: 14.9 mu g/ml), lung (IC50: 21.5 mu g/ml) and bone (IC50: 21.7 mu g/ml). As for the flavonoids, luteolin exhibited the strongest activity against carcinoma of the stomach (IC50: 7.1 mu g/ml), cervix (IC50: 7.7 mu g/ml), lung (IC50: 11.7 mu g/ml) and bladder (IC50: 19.5 mu g/ml), whereas baicalein possessed the strongest anti-proliferative activity against carcinoma of the cervix (IC50: 9.8 mu g/ml), stomach (IC50: 16.1 mu g/ml) and skin (IC50: 19.5 mu g/ml). The present study indicates that linalool possessed the strongest activity against a broad spectrum of carcinoma cells, especially cervical carcinoma cells, suggesting that linalool and flavonoids are partially responsible for the cancer prevention of common vegetables and fruits.