Rest-induced suppression of anterior horn cell excitability as measured by F waves: Comparison between volitionally inactivated and control muscles

To test the hypothesis that the anterior horn cells become hypoexcitable in the absence of central drive, we recorded F waves simultaneously from the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) and the abductor digiti minimi (ADM) before and after volitionally inactivating one muscle (target) while periodically contracting the other muscle (control). In 14 healthy subjects, F waves recorded from the target muscle showed a progressive decrease in persistence and amplitude (whether counting all 100 trials or only detectable responses) after muscle relaxation for 1, 3, and 6 hours, followed by a quick recovery upon brief muscle contraction. We conclude that volitional inactivation suppresses the F waves of the target muscle without equally affecting the control muscle innervated by the same nerve. The history of activity of a muscle should therefore be taken into account in clinical testing, especially when the study of a paretic muscle shows abnormal F-wave excitability.