Estrogen receptor alpha gene polymorphisms are associated with estradiol levels in postmenopausal women

Objective: Postmenopausal estradiol (E-2) levels vary widely between individuals and this variation is an important determinant of diseases such as osteoporosis. It has been suggested that the estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) gene may influence peripheral E-2 levels, but the role of common sequence variations in the ESR1 gene is unclear. Methods: In 631 postmenopausal women and 528 men from the Rotterdam Study, a population-based, prospective cohort study of individuals aged 55 years and over, ESR1 Pvull-XbaI haplotypes were determined and correlated with plasma E-2 levels. Results: In women, haplotype I (T-A) was significantly associated with an allele-dose-dependent decrease in E-2. After adjusting for age, body mass index, years since menopause and testosterone levels, plasma E-2 levels decreased by 1.90 pmol/l per allele copy of this haplotype (P < 0.05). Extreme genotypes, representing 2 3 and 27% of the population, varied by 3.9 3 pmol/l. No association with plasma testosterone was observed. In a subset of 446 women, no association of genotype with plasma concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, androstenedione or estrone was seen. In men, none of the sex hormone levels was associated with the ESRl PvuII-XbaI haplotypes. Conclusion: We have demonstrated a role for genetic variations in the ESRl gene in determining postmenopausal E-2 levels in women.