Toxicity and metabolism of the conjugates of 3-nitropropanol and 3-nitropropionic acid in forages poisonous to livestock

被引:44
作者
Anderson, RC
Majak, W
Rassmussen, MA
Callaway, TR
Beier, RC
Nisbet, DJ
Allison, MJ
机构
[1] USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA
[2] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Range Res Unit, Kamloops, BC V2B 8A9, Canada
[3] USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Preharvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA
[4] Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA
关键词
toxic plant; Astragalus; Coronilia; Hippocrepis; Indigofera; Lotus; toxic fungi; Arthrinium; Aspergillus; Penicillium; 3-nitropropanol; 3-nitropropionic acid; rumen metabolism; Denitrobacterium;
D O I
10.1021/jf040392j
中图分类号
S [农业科学];
学科分类号
09 ;
摘要
Glycosides of 3-nitro-1-propanol (nitropropanol) and glucose esters of 3-nitro-1-propanoic acid (nitropropionic acid) occur in many forages distributed throughout the world. Systemically, nitropropionic acid irreversibly inactivates succinate dehydrogenase, thereby blocking ATP formation. Nitropropanol is not toxic per se in mammals but is converted to nitropropionic acid by hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase. Nitrotoxins can be metabolized by rumen microbes, which may provide a mechanism for detoxification. At least 20 different ruminal bacteria are known to metabolize the nitrotoxins, but most appear to play a minor role in detoxification. Evidence suggests that an obligate anaerobic nitro-respiring bacterium, Denitrobacterium detoxificans, may be particularly important in conferring protection to animals consuming the nitrotoxins as this bacterium metabolizes the toxins at rates near those by mixed ruminal populations. Rates of ruminal nitrotoxin metabolism can be enhanced by modifying the rumen environment through dietary manipulations, which suggests in vivo enrichment of competent nitrotoxin-metabolizing bacteria such as D. detoxificans.
引用
收藏
页码:2344 / 2350
页数:7
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