Clinical Evaluation of the Resolute Zotarolimus-Eluting Coronary Stent System in the Treatment of De Novo Lesions in Native Coronary Arteries The RESOLUTE US Clinical Trial

Objectives The RESOLUTE US (R-US) trial is a prospective, observational study designed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of the Resolute zotarolimus-eluting stent (R-ZES) in a U. S. population. Background The R-ZES releases zotarolimus over a 6-month period in order to achieve optimal clinical effectiveness and safety. Methods The R-US trial recruited patients with de novo native coronary lesions suitable for 1- or 2-vessel treatment with stents from 2.25 to 4.0 mm in diameter. In the main analysis cohort (2.5- to 3.5-mm stents and single-lesion treatment), the primary endpoint was 12-month target lesion failure (TLF) defined as the composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction (MI), and clinically-driven target lesion revascularization (TLR), compared with data from Endeavor zotarolimus-eluting stent (E-ZES) trials, adjusting for baseline covariates through propensity scores. Results Overall, 1,402 patients were enrolled with a mean reference vessel diameter of 2.59 +/- 0.47 mm and diabetes prevalence of 34.4%. In the main analysis cohort, TLF was 3.7% at 12 months compared with historical E-ZES results (TLF = 6.5%). The R-ZES met the 3.3% margin of noninferiority (rate difference = -2.8%, upper 1-sided 95% confidence interval: -1.3%, p < 0.001). The overall TLF rate was 4.7%, and rates of cardiac death, MI, and TLR were 0.7%, 1.4%, and 2.8%, respectively. The 12-month rate of stent thrombosis was 0.1%. Conclusions The R-ZES achieved a very low rate of clinical restenosis while maintaining low rates of important clinical safety events such as death, MI, and stent thrombosis at 1-year follow-up. (The Medtronic RESOLUTE US Clinical Trial [R-US]; NCT00726453) (J Am Coll Cardiol 2011;57:1778-83) (C) 2011 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation