The use of polymerase chain reaction in plasma pools for the concomitant detection of hepatitis C virus and HIV type 1 RNA

BACKGROUND: Detection of viral nucleic acids might increase blood transfusion safety through the detection of recently infected blood donors during the preseroconversion window period. Individual screening is difficult to apply, because of technical and financial constraints. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay including a polyethylene glycol precipitation step was developed for the concomitant detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV type 1 (HIV-1) RNA in plasma pools corresponding to 50 blood donations by the use of commercial assays. RESULTS: The assay had a sensitivity of less than 33 copies per mt for HCV RNA and 1000 copies per mt for HIV-1 RNA for each individual sample included in the pool. The eight preseroconversion samples with HCV RNA between 1,250 and 762,000 copies per mt were all detected when 100-mu L aliquots from the samples were introduced into 5-mL pools of 50 blood donations. CONCLUSIONS: A PCR-based pooling assay associating a prepurification step with polyethylene glycol allows for the screening of blood donations for HCV and HIV-1 RNA without marked loss of sensitivity from that seen with commercially available assays. This procedure might increase blood safety through systematic screening of blood donations at relatively low cost.