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Gains from Trade when Firms Matter

被引：156
作者：
Melitz, Marc J. [1 ]
Trefler, Daniel [2 ]
机构：
[1] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
[2] Univ Toronto, Rotman Sch Management, J Douglas & Ruth Grant Canada Res Chair Competiti, Toronto, ON, Canada
来源：
JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES | 2012年 / 26卷 / 02期
关键词：
The rising prominence of intra-industry trade and huge multinationals has transformed the way economists think about the gains from trade. In the past; we focused on gains that stemmed either from endowment differences (wheat for iron ore) or inter-industry comparative advantage (David Ricardo's classic example of cloth for port). Today; we focus on three sources of gains from trade: 1) love-of-variety gains associated with intra-industry trade; 2) allocative efficiency gains associated with shifting labor and capital out of small; less-productive firms and into large; more-productive firms; and 3) productive efficiency gains associated with trade-induced innovation. This paper reviews these three sources of gains from trade both theoretically and empirically. Our empirical evidence will be centered on the experience of Canada following its closer economic integration in 1989 with the United Statesthe largest example of bilateral intra-industry trade in the worldbut we will also describe evidence for other countries; EXPORT-MARKET PARTICIPATION; RESEARCH-AND-DEVELOPMENT; INTERNATIONAL-TRADE; MULTIPRODUCT FIRMS; PRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION; IMPERFECT COMPETITION; INTERMEDIATE INPUTS; SCALE ECONOMIES; LIBERALIZATION; IMPACT;
D O I：
10.1257/jep.26.2.91
中图分类号：
F [经济];
学科分类号：
02 ;
摘要：
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页码：91 / 118
页数：28
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