Association of mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid 16189 variant (T→C transition) with metabolic syndrome in Chinese adults

Objective: A common variant in mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA) at bp 16189 ( T -> C transition) has been associated with small birth size, adulthood hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance in Caucasians. In this study, we investigated whether mtDNA 16189 variant is associated with metabolic syndrome in Chinese subjects. Methods: Six hundred fifteen Chinese adults, aged 40 yr or older, were recruited in this study. The 16189 variant of mtDNA was detected using PCR and restriction enzyme digestion. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed on modified National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines, using body mass index ( BMI) instead of waist circumference. An association study was performed with x(2) test and logistic regression analysis. Results: The prevalence of the 16189 variant was higher in patients with metabolic syndrome than in those without: 44% ( 125 of 284) vs. 33.2% ( 110 of 331) ( P = 0.006). The association between this 16189 variant of mtDNA and metabolic syndrome ( P = 0.021) remained significant even after correcting for age and BMI. As to the individual traits, the prevalence of fasting plasma glucose of at least 110 mg/ dl ( >= 6.1 mmol/ liter) [( 51.5% ( 121 of 235) vs. 42.1% ( 160 of 380); P = 0.023], type 2 diabetes mellitus [ 48.1% ( 113 of 235) vs. 39.2% ( 149 of 380); P = 0.031], and hypertriglyceridemia [ 44.3% ( 104 of 235) vs. 35.8% ( 136 of 380); P = 0.037] were significantly higher in subjects harboring the 16189 variant of mtDNA than those with the wild type. However, the prevalence of hypertension [ 53.2% ( 125 of 235) vs. 47.6% ( 181 of 380); P = 0.180], BMI greater than 25 kg/ m(2) [ 48.5% ( 114 of 235) vs. 43.9% ( 167 of 380); P = 0.270], and low high- density lipoprotein cholesterol [ 61.3% ( 144 of 235) vs. 54.7% ( 208 of 380); P = 0.111] did not reach a significant difference between the two groups. Furthermore, there was a trend of increasing frequency of occurrence of the 16189 variant in individuals having an increasing number of components of metabolic syndrome ( P(trend) < 0.005). Conclusion: Our data strongly suggest that mtDNA 16189 variant underlies susceptibility to metabolic syndrome in the Chinese population.