Temporal shifts in the geochemistry and microbial community structure of an ultradeep mine borehole following isolation

被引:83
作者
Moser, DP
Onstott, TC
Fredrickson, JK
Brockman, FJ
Balkwill, DL
Drake, GR
Pfiffner, SM
White, DC
Takai, K
Pratt, LM
Fong, J
Lollar, BS
Slater, G
Phelps, TJ
Spoelstra, N
Deflaun, M
Southam, G
Welty, AT
Baker, BJ
Hoek, J
机构
[1] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Microbiol Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA
[2] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA
[3] Florida State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci Biol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA
[4] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Biomarker Anal, Knoxville, TN USA
[5] Japan Marine Sci & Technol Ctr, Frontier Res Program Deep Sea Environm, Subground Animalculae Retrieval Project, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
[6] Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Biogeochem Labs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
[7] Univ Toronto, Dept Geosci, Toronto, ON, Canada
[8] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
[9] Driefontein Consolidated Mine, Carletonville, South Africa
[10] Geosyntec, Princeton, NJ USA
[11] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Earth Sci, London, ON, Canada
[12] No Arizona Univ, Dept Geol, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA
[13] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol Sci, Madison, WI USA
[14] Univ Penn, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
anaerobic; borehole; community structure; deep subsurface; fissure water; mine;
D O I
10.1080/713851170
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
A borehole draining a water-bearing dyke fracture at 3.2-km depth in a South African Au mine was isolated from the open mine environment. Geochemical, stable isotopic, nucleic acid-based, and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analyses were employed as culture-independent means for assessing shifts in the microbial community and habitat as the system equilibrated with the native rock-water environment. Over a two-month period, the pH increased from 5.5 to 7.4, concurrent with a drop in pe from -2 to -3. Whereas rDNAs related to Desulfotomaculum spp. represented the major clone type encountered throughout, lipid biomarker profiling along with 16S rDNA clone library and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analyses indicated the emergence of other Gram-positive and deeply-branching lineages in samples during the later stages of the equilibration period. A biofilm that formed on the mine wall below the borehole produced abundant rDNAs related to the alpha Proteobacteria . beta- and gamma - Proteobacteria appeared to transiently bloom in the borehole shortly after isolation. Chemical modeling and sulfur isotope analyses of the borehole effluent indicated that microbial sulfate reduction was the major terminal electron-accepting process shortly after isolation, whereas Fe +3 reduction dominated towards the end of the experiment. The persistence of Desulfotomaculum -like bacteria throughout suggests that these organisms adapted to changing geochemical conditions as the redox decreased and pH increased following the isolation of the borehole from the mine atmosphere. The restoration of anaerobic aquatic chemistry to this borehole environment may have allowed microbiota indigenous to the local basalt aquifer to become more dominant among the diverse collection of bacterial lineages present in the borehole.
引用
收藏
页码:517 / 548
页数:32
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