A second order power flow based on current injection equations

This paper presents a new second order power flow methodology by using current injection equations expressed in voltage rectangular coordinates instead of using traditional rectangular power flow equations. The results presented show that the proposed method leads to a substantially faster second order power flow solution, when compared to the conventional method expressed in terms of power mismatches and written in rectangular coordinates. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed methodology, different heavily loaded and overloaded systems, as well as ill-conditioned distribution systems have been tested. These results show the feasibility of employing this new methodology as an additional tool for power flow studies. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.