Concentration and specific loads of polycyclic musks in sewage sludge originating from a monitoring network in Switzerland

被引：84

作者：

Kupper, T ^{[1
]}

Berset, JD

Etter-Holzer, R

Furrer, R

Tarradellas, J

机构：

[1] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Fac Architecture Civil & Environm Engn, Lab Environm Chem & Ecotoxicol, CECOTOX, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland

[2] Amt Gewasserschutz & Abfallwirtschaft, Water & Soil Protect Lab, CH-3014 Bern, Switzerland

[3] Swiss Fed Res Stn Agroecol & Agr, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland

[4] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA

来源：

CHEMOSPHERE | 2004年 / 54卷 / 08期

关键词：

artificial fragrances; synthetic musks; wastewater treatment plant; anthropogenic pollutants; risk assessment;

D O I：

10.1016/j.chemosphere.2003.09.023

中图分类号：

X [环境科学、安全科学];

学科分类号：

08 ; 0830 ;

摘要：

Polycyclic musks (HHCB, AHTN, ADBI, AHDI, ATII) and a metabolite of HHCB (HHCB-lactone) were analyzed in sewage sludge samples within the framework of a monitoring network in Switzerland. Mean values in stabilised sludge from 16 wastewater treatment plants were 20.3 mg/kg d.m for HHCB, 7.3 mg/kg d.m for AHTN and 1.8 mg/kg d.m for HHCB-lactone, respectively. Contents of ADBI, AHDI and ATII were between 0.1 and 1.8 ug/kgd.m.(ug = microgram). The results show that polycyclic musks origin mainly from private households and that loads from craft industry, industry and atmospheric deposition are negligible. The technology of wastewater treatment and sludge processing seems to be of minor importance for degradation processes of polycyclic musks. The calculated input in wastewater of polycyclic musks is lower by a factor of 5-7 than the estimates based on use volumes. This discrepancy might be explained by degradation processes, other emission pathways than wastewater or inappropriate estimation of production volumes. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

引用

页码：1111 / 1120

页数：10

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