Chemical composition and biological activities of aqueous extracts and their sulfated derivatives of pea peel (Pisum sativum L.)

Agro-industrial wastes are an important natural reservoir of bioactive compounds that could be used to obtain useful by-products. The objective of our study was to evaluate the anticoagulation, fibrinolytic, antioxidant, antiproliferative and prebiotic activity of six aqueous extracts of P. sativum waste and their sulfated derivatives, with particular attention to the content of certain bioactive compounds. Three sulfated extracts exhibited significant anticoagulation activity at 2 mg/ml. Alkaline insoluble sulfated extract showed the highest anticoagulation activity at a concentration of 800 mu g/ml, which had a clotting time of 50.11 min. All aqueous extracts exhibited high free radical scavenging activity using DPPH (ranging from 91 to 98.6%) than sulfated ones. They had also good prebiotic properties as they promoted the growth of the two tested probiotics up to 260%. All extracts exhibited also relevant in vitro antiproliferative activity using MTT assay. Sulfated alkaline soluble and insoluble extracts had potent activities against HepG-2 cancer cell lines (55.8 and 52.8%, respectively) compared to Doxorubicin (R) (52.6%), while sulfated acidic insoluble, neutral soluble and alkaline soluble extracts had potent activities against MCF-7 cancer cell lines (73.4, 72.4 and 72.8%, respectively) compared to Doxorubicin (R) (72%) with low IC50 values. To author's knowledge, this is the first report investigating the anticoagulation activity of isolated pea peel extracts.