Oral Delivery of Teriparatide Using a Nanoemulsion System: Design, in Vitro and in Vivo Evaluation

Purpose Investigate the possibility of delivering teriparatide orally using nanoemulsion. Method Teriparatide was allowed to interact with chitosan in the presence of HP beta CD.The formed polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) was characterized by DSC, FTIR, DLS and for entrapment efficiency. PEC was the incorporated in an oil phase consisting of Oleic Acid, Labrasol and Plurol Oleique to form a nanoemulsion. This preparation was characterized for refractive index, viscosity, pH, conductivity, particle size, and morphology.Bioavailability of the preparation was evaluated using rabbits against SC injection. The efficacy of the formula was tested using ovariectomized rats (an osteoporosis animal model) and mechanical and histological tests were conducted on their bones. The stability of the preparation was evaluated by storing samples at 4(o) C, 25(o) C and 40(o) C for three months. Results PEC testing demonstrate a complex formation with particle size of 208 nm, zeta potential of +17 mV and entrapment efficiency of 49%. For the nanoemulsion, the results demonstrate the formation of a nano-sized dispersed system (108 nm) with a drug loading of 98% and a percent protection of 90% and 71% in SGF and SIF respectively. Bioavailability results showed a sustained release profile was achieved following the oral formulation administration. Efficacy studies showed improvement in the strength, thickness and connectivity of bones. Short-term stability study demostrated that the nanoemulsion is mostly stable at 4(o) C. Conclusion These findings demonstrate the ability of delivering Teriparatide orally using oleic acid based dispersion in combination with chitosan PEC.