Hydrates of the most stable gas-phase mono- and di-protonated glycine derivatives:: Origin of no reservation energy bond in glycine-2H2+

Series of hydrates of the most stable glycine-H+/2H(2+) in the gas phase are presented at the B3LYP level. The results show that only the amino hydrogens and hydroxyl hydrogens can be monohydrated for the glycine-H+, and the amino hydrogens are preferred. The H6(O4) of glycine-2H(2+) is the best site for a water molecule to attach, i.e., the corresponding hydrate is the most stable one among its isomers. Calculations reveal that the binding energies of hydrated hydrogens decrease relative to their counterparts in the isolated glycine-H+/2H(2+) complexes and they are positive values and without proton transfer except those of monohydrated glycine-2H(2+) complexes with the combination modes of H3O+...(glycine-H+). The complex H3O+...(glycine-H+) is formed by the combination of a H2O molecule and one hydroxyl-site proton of glycine-2H(2+), and with the proton transfer to H2O. Here the interaction between the proton of H3O+ and the glycine-H+ mainly depends on an electronic one instead of an initial covalent one of the isolated glycine-2H(2+). The generation of the bond between the H3O+ and the glycine-H+ makes the energy of the complex higher than the energy sum of its two separated species (or two reactants of the complex), just like the case of M+...(glycine-H+) bond (M=Li,Na). The observation can explain satisfactorily why the combinations of both a proton and an alkali ion or two alkali ions to a glycine molecule can make the corresponding complex hold reservation energy bond(s), while the combination of two protons and a glycine in our previous work cannot [H. Ai , J. Chem. Phys. 117, 7593 (2002)]. For the glycine-2H(2+), monohydration at the any site of its amino hydrogens can make the binding strength of any other neighboring proton (hydrogens) stronger relative to its counterpart in the isolated glycine-2H(2+). Further hydration, especially at the site of either of hydroxyl hydrogens, would disfavor the reservation energy of the system. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics.