Evidence for the validity of PC-based simulations in studying aircrew coordination

Recently, advances in computer technology have allowed the use of PC-based simulations for a variety of aviation training and research purposes. One area in particular where PC-based simulations have been used extensively is the study of aircrew coordination. Yet, there have always been lingering questions about the validity of these simulations. Critics have argued that most PC-based simulations are derived from video games and that gaming cannot substitute for actual work tasks. Also, the low physical fidelity of these devices has been cited as a potential threat to validity. By reviewing a number of aircrew studies conducted over the past 10 years and by presenting new experimental results, this article provides evidence for the validity of using PC-based simulations. Additionally, this article provides a set of guidelines that can be used by practitioners to increase the validity of their simulations.