The grammars of trust: A model and general implications

In this article we contend that trust can be conceptualized as four distinct and ordered forms-shallow dependence, shallow interdependence, deep dependence, and deep interdependence-determined by the nature of the interdependence between trusting parties. We argue that both the risks that trusting parties assume and the mechanisms for mitigating those risks emerge as a function of the form of interdependence in the relationship. By reviewing research in which trust is a central component, we illustrate the elements of this model and examine its implications.