1,4-Dihydropyridines 3 resulting from the addition of the enolate derived from 1-acetylindole (1) to pyridinium salts 2 do not undergo cyclization under the usual acidic conditions, but do satisfactorily cyclize to the tetracyclic derivatives 4 by treatment with TsOH in the presence of lithium iodide. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd
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AMANN R, 1991, ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT, V30, P1320, DOI 10.1002/anie.199113201