RETRACTED: Epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation by angiotensin II requires reactive oxygen species in vascular smooth muscle cells (Retracted Article)

Angiotensin II (Ang II) is a vasoactive hormone with critical roles in vascular smooth muscle cell growth, an important feature of hypertension and atherosclerosis. Many of these effects are dependent on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), Ang II induces phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGF-R), which serves as a scaffold for various signaling molecules. Here, we provide novel evidence that ROS are critical mediators of EGF-R transactivation by Ang II. Pretreatment. of vascular smooth muscle cells with the antioxidants diphenylene iodonium, Tiron, N-acetylcysteine, and ebselen significantly inhibited (approximate to 80% to 90%) tyrosine phosphorylation of the EGF-R by Ang II but not by EGF. Of the 5 autophosphorylation sites on the EGF-R, Ang II mainly phosphorylated Tyr1068 and Tyr1173 in a redox-sensitive manner. The Src family kinase inhibitor PPI, overexpression of kinase-inactive c-Src, or chelation of intracellular Ca2+ attenuated EGF-R transactivation, Although antioxidants had no effects on the Ca2+ mobilization or phosphorylation of Ca2+-dependernt tyrosine kinase Pyk2, they inhibited c-Src activation by Ang II, suggesting that c-Src is signaling molecule that links ROS and EGF-R phosphorylation. Furthermore, Ang II-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of the autophosphorylation site and the SH2 domain of c-Src was redox sensitive. These findings emphasize the importance of ROS in specific Ang II-stimulated growth-related signaling pathways and suggest that redox-sensitive EGF-R transactivation may be a potential target for antioxidant therapy in vascular disease.