The PKCδ-Abl complex communicates ER stress to the mitochondria -: an essential step in subsequent apoptosis

Conditions that compromise protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum trigger the unfolded protein response (UPR), which either restores proper protein folding or results in cellular demise through apoptosis. In this study, we found that, in response to ER stress in vivo and in vitro, PKC delta translocates to the ER where it binds to the tyrosine kinase Abl. Tyrosine phosphorylation and kinase activity of PKC delta are required for PKC delta binding to Abl in the ER. Moreover, we found that inhibition of PKC delta by the PKC delta-specific peptide inhibitor delta V1-1 or by silencing of PKC delta reduces ER-stress-induced JNK activation and inhibits ER-stress-mediated apoptosis. Furthermore, the inhibitor of PKC delta kinase activity rottlerin blocks the translocation of the PKC delta-Abl complex from the ER to the mitochondria and confers protection against apoptosis. Thus, PKC delta communicates ER stress to the mitochondria by binding to ER-localized Abl. The PKC delta-Abl complex then translocates to the mitochondria, communicating ER stress to this organelle, thereby, triggering apoptosis.