Lipid and fatty acid compositions of muscle from farmed and wild adult turbot

The aim of this study was to compare the total lipid, neutral lipid, phospholipid contents, phospholipid class distribution and fatty acid composition of these lipids in muscle of wild and farmed turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) of similar body size. The results showed that muscle of farmed turbot had a higher lipid content than that of wild turbot (1.06% versus 0.64%) because they contained more neutral lipids (0.52% versus 0.24%) and more phospholipids (0.54% versus 0.40%). Distribution of phospholipid classes in muscle of both wild and farmed turbot was similar with 67-70% phosphatidyl choline, 22-25% phosphatidyl ethanolamine and 4.4-5.2% phosphatidyl inositol plus phosphatidyl serine and 2.4-2.9% sphingomyeline. Compared to wild turbot, all of the lipid classes from farmed turbot contained lower proportions of long chain omega-3 PUFA and 20:4 omega-6 and conversely higher proportions of 20:1 and 22:1. The ratio between omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsatured fatty acids was higher in all the lipid fractions of wild turbot than in those of farmed fish (8.8 versus 4.2 in total lipids, 11.0 versus 3.3 in neutral lipids, 7.9 versus 4.7 in phospholipids).