Platinization assisted by Keggin-type heteropolytungstates

Chronoamperometry and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were used to address the platinum deposition kinetics on glassy carbon and polycrystalline Pt supports from H2PtCl6-containing solutions with and without additives of different Keggin-type heteropoly acids (HPAs) of tungsten. The effect of addition of these polyoxometallates manifested itself in the pronounced disturbance of instantaneous nucleation and it can be interpreted in terms of strong HPA adsorption on certain nucleation centers followed by the modification of their activity. HPA additives decreased the current efficiency for Pt deposition despite the fact that the reduction of HPA additives was thermodynamically forbidden at the potentials chosen for electrodeposition. The latter fact can be explained as selective inhibition of the intermediate Pt-II reduction by tungstates. CV of Pt deposits in sulfuric acid solutions indicated a noticeable increase in the deposit roughness if P- and Si-containing HPA were added in the course of platinization. More complex behavior was found for B-dodecatungstate that most likely originated from its tendency to undergo codeposition with Pt. Ex situ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images demonstrate more pronounced globular structure and smaller crystal sizes for HPA-affected deposits as compared with usual platinized platinum. These features can be explained by HPA effects on deposition kinetics assumed on the basis of electrochemical data and demonstrate that HPA can act in template-like manner. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.