Gold nanoparticle-based electrochemical biosensors

The applications of gold nanoparticle-based electrochemical sensors, are described. The gold nanoparticle-modified electrode surfaces can be prepared by binding gold nanoparticles with functional groups of self-assembled monolayers (SAM) and by incorporating colloidal gold into the electrode by mixing the gold with the other components in the composite electrode matrix. The construction of gold nanoparticle-based enzyme electrodes also uses immobilization of the enzyme on gold nanoparticles deposited directly on the surface of the electrode material. Colloidal gold-based electrodes allow the electrode surface area and the amount of immobilized ssDNA to be greatly enhanced.