Simultaneous determination of the β-blocker atenolol and several complementary antihypertensive agents in pharmaceutical formulations and urine by capillary zone electrophoresis

A simple capillary zone electrophoresis method is developed for the quantitation of the β-blocker atenolol and the complementary antihypertensive agents bendroflumethiazide, amiloride, and hydrochlorothiazide in human urine samples. The electrophoretic separation is performed using a 78-cm × 75-μm-i.d. (70-cm effective length) fused-silica capillary. A borate buffer (pH 9) is used as running electrolyte. The sample is hydrostatically introduced for 20 s, and the running voltage is 25 kV at the injector end of the capillary. The analysis of urine samples requires the optimization of solid-phase extraction methods, achieving recoveries ≥ 61% for all the drugs and good separation from the urine matrix. The method is successfully applied to the determination of these compounds in pharmaceutical formulations and in urine samples collected after the intake of Neatenol Diu (100 mg atenolol-5 mg bendroflumethiazide) and Kalten (50 mg atenolol-25 mg hydrochlorothiazide-2.5 mg amiloride). The method is validated in terms of reproducibility, linearity, and accuracy.