Energy expenditure of urban Colombian women: A comparison of patterns and total daily expenditure by the heart rate and factorial methods

The heart rate and factorial methods of measuring both total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) and the daily pattern of energy expenditure (EE) were compared in nonpregnant, nonlactating women aged 19-43 y living in urban conditions of economic deprivation. The methods were applied on each of 2 successive days. There were no significant differences between the 2 d by either method. Women who worked at their household chores at home (n = 29) and those who also worked for remuneration (at work) in various kinds of employment (n = 23) were compared. The factorial method gave values for TDEE and for the pattern of EE that were significantly lower than those obtained by the heart rate method. This was related to lower values for EE for certain activities obtained from the literature than for values measured in these subjects. Women at work had significantly higher values for both TDEE and for the pattern of EE than did those at home. The TDEE at home by the heart rate method was 8.83 +/- 1.94 MJ/d and at work was 9.99 +/- 1.91 MJ/d (P = 0.036); this difference disappeared when adjusted for body weight or fat-free mass. Physical activity levels were 1.83 +/- 0.43 for women at home and 1.90 +/- 0.46 for women at work, which indicate moderate to heavy work. The factorial method should be used with measured EE values in the present subject population. The heart rate method can detect differences in TDEE and in the pattern of EE between women engaged in different activities and may offer an experimental approach to the study of the effects of daily variations in EE on nutritional energy intake.