Activated carbon from broiler litter: Process description and cost of production

被引:88
作者
Lima, Isabel M. [1 ]
McAloon, Andrew [2 ]
Boateng, Akwasi A. [2 ]
机构
[1] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA
[2] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA
关键词
activated carbon; broiler litter; copper ion remediation; cost of production;
D O I
10.1016/j.biombioe.2007.11.008
中图分类号
S2 [农业工程];
学科分类号
0828 ;
摘要
Animal manure continues to represent a significantly large and problematic portion of the US agricultural waste generated yearly. Granular activated carbons made from pelletized poultry litter have been shown to adsorb various positively charged metal ions from laboratory-prepared solutions. The objective of this study was to develop a conceptual capital and operating cost estimate using the Superpro Designer process simulation program. In the study, it was assumed that the activated carbon manufacturing facility obtains the poultry litter from various farmers at a cost of $5.50 and $27.50 t(-1) for transportation. The carbon manufacturing facility processes 20 t of poultry litter per day and converts it into granular activated carbon for a final carbon yield of 21.6% (dry basis). This facility operates continuously, 330 days of the year. Several parameters were incorporated in the study including equipment sizing, capital costs and operating costs, such as labor, utilities, maintenance and equipment depreciation. The largest contributor to the cost of producing the activated carbon is the $1,200,000 equipment cost of the combined pyrolysis/activation furnace, which contributes about $0.47 kg(-1) to the production cost. This study indicates that activated carbon can be produced by this method at a cost of about $1.44 kg(-1). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
引用
收藏
页码:568 / 572
页数:5
相关论文
共 10 条
[1]  
Association for the Advancement of Cost Engineering International, 1990, AACE REC PRACT STAND, P84
[2]   A thermal model for the rotary kiln including heat transfer within the bed [J].
Boateng, AA ;
Barr, PV .
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER, 1996, 39 (10) :2131-&
[3]   Utilization of turkey manure as granular activated carbon: Physical, chemical and adsorptive properties [J].
Lima, I ;
Marshall, WE .
WASTE MANAGEMENT, 2005, 25 (07) :726-732
[4]   Adsorption of selected environmentally important metals by poultry manure-based granular activated carbons [J].
Lima, IM ;
Marshall, WE .
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY, 2005, 80 (09) :1054-1061
[5]   Granular activated carbons from broiler manure: physical, chemical and adsorptive properties [J].
Lima, IM ;
Marshal, WE .
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, 2005, 96 (06) :699-706
[6]   Activated carbon from pecan shell: process description and economic analysis [J].
Ng, C ;
Marshall, WE ;
Rao, RM ;
Bansode, RR ;
Losso, JN .
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS, 2003, 17 (03) :209-217
[7]  
Ng C, 2002, INT SUGAR J, V104, P401
[8]   Acid-activated carbons from almond shells: physical, chemical and adsorptive properties and estimated cost of production [J].
Toles, CA ;
Marshall, WE ;
Johns, MM ;
Wartelle, LH ;
McAloon, A .
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, 2000, 71 (01) :87-92
[9]   Steam- or carbon dioxide-activated carbons from almond shells: physical, chemical and adsorptive properties and estimated cost of production [J].
Toles, CA ;
Marshall, WE ;
Wartelle, LH ;
McAloon, A .
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, 2000, 75 (03) :197-203
[10]  
*USDA, 2006, AGR STAT