Extrathymic pathways of T-cell differentiation and immunomodulation

被引:44
作者
Abo, T [1 ]
机构
[1] Niigata Univ, Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Niigata 9518510, Japan
关键词
T-cell differentiation; extrathymic T cells; liver; IL-2R beta-chain; natural killer T cells; autoimmune disease;
D O I
10.1016/S1567-5769(01)00057-1
中图分类号
R392 [医学免疫学]; Q939.91 [免疫学];
学科分类号
100102 ;
摘要
It is well established that the thymus is an essential organ for the support of T-cell differentiation. However, some T cells, termed extrathymic T cells, have been found to differentiate without such support by the thymus. The major sites of these T cells are the intestine and liver. Subsequent studies have revealed that extrathymic T cells are also present in the uterus and exocrine glands (e.g., the salivary gland). Depending on the sites, extrathymic T cells have some distinct properties as well as some common properties. For example, all extrathymic T cells have a TCR-CD3 complex similar to thymus-derived T cells. Extrathymic T cells comprise both alpha betaT cells and gamma deltaT cells. Although extrathymic T cells are very few in number at any extrathymic sites in youth, they increase in number as a function of age. This phenomenon seems to occur in parallel with thymic involution. Even in youth, extrathymic T cells are activated in number and function by stress, in autoimmune diseases, and during pregnancy. Acute thymic atrophy always accompanies this activation. Therefore, reciprocal regulation between extrathymic T cells and thymus-derived T cells might be present. We hypothesize that extrathymic T cells are intimately associated with innate immunity and that the mechanisms underlying autoimmune diseases and intracellular infection (e.g., malaria) cannot be properly understood without introducing the concept of extrathymic T cells. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:1261 / 1273
页数:13
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