The olfactory social memory test, based on the recognition of a juvenile rat by a male adult rat, was used to investigate whether melatonin influences memory, Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of 1.1 nmol melatonin shortened recognition time, while the melatonin ML(1) receptor antagonist luzindole (1 nmol) exerted the opposite effect. The facilitating influence of melatonin was abolished in the presence of 0.5 nmol luzindole. The findings suggest that endogenous melatonin facilitates short-term memory. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.