Indoor-outdoor relationships of particle number and mass in four European cities

被引：144

作者：

Hoek, Gerard ^{[1
]}

Kos, Gerard ^{[2
]}

Harrison, Roy M. ^{[3
]}

de Hartog, Jeroen ^{[1
]}

Meliefste, Kees ^{[1
]}

ten Brink, Harry ^{[2
]}

Katsouyanni, Klea ^{[4
]}

Karakatsani, Anna ^{[4
]}

Lianou, Maria ^{[5
]}

Kotronarou, Anastasia ^{[5
]}

Kavouras, Ilias ^{[5
]}

Pekkanen, Juha ^{[6
,7
]}

Vallius, Marko ^{[6
]}

Kulmala, Markku ^{[8
]}

Puustinen, Arto ^{[8
]}

Thomas, Steve ^{[3
]}

Meddings, Claire ^{[3
]}

Ayres, Jon ^{[7
,9
]}

van Wijnen, Joop ^{[10
]}

Hameri, Kaarle ^{[8
,11
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Utrecht, IRAS, NL-3508 TD Utrecht, Netherlands

[2] Energy Res Ctr, ECN, NL-1755 ZG Petten, Netherlands

[3] Univ Birmingham, Div Environm Hlth & Risk Management, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England

[4] Univ Athens, Dept Hyg & Epidemiol, Athens 11527, Greece

[5] Natl Astron Athens, Inst Environm Res & Sustainable Dev, Athens 15236, Greece

[6] KTL Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Environm Epidemiol Unit, Kuopio, Finland

[7] Univ Kuopio, Sch Publ Hlth & Clin Nutr, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland

[8] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys Sci, UHEL, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland

[9] Univ Aberdeen, Dept Environm & Occupat Med, Aberdeen, Scotland

[10] Municipal Hlth Serv Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands

[11] Finnish Inst Occupat Hlth, Dept Phys, FIN-00250 Helsinki, Finland

来源：

ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT | 2008年 / 42卷 / 01期

关键词：

particle number concentration; PM(2.5); PM(10); indoor-outdoor relationships;

D O I：

10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.09.026

中图分类号：

X [环境科学、安全科学];

学科分类号：

08 ; 0830 ;

摘要：

The number of ultrafine particles in urban air may be more health relevant than the usually measured mass of particles smaller than 2.5 or 10 mu m. Epidemiological studies typically assess exposure by measurements at a central site. Limited information is available about how well measurements at a central site reflect exposure to ultrafine particles. The goals of this paper are to assess the relationships between particle number (PN) and mass concentrations measured outdoors at a central site, right outside and inside the study homes. The study was conducted in four European cities: Amsterdam, Athens, Birmingham and Helsinki. Particle mass (PM(10) and PM(2.5)), PN, soot and sulfate concentrations were measured at these sites. Measurements of indoors and outdoors near the home were made during 1 week in 152, mostly non-smoking, homes. In each city continuous measurements were also performed at a central site during the entire study period. The correlation between 24-h average central site outdoor and indoor concentrations was lower for PN (correlation among cities ranged from 0.18 to 0.45) than for PM(2.5) (0.40-0.80), soot (0.64-0.92) and sulfate (0.91-0.99). In Athens, the indoor-central site correlation was similar for PN and PM(2.5). Infiltration factors for PN and PM(2.5) were lower than for sulfate and soot. Night-time hourly average PN concentrations showed higher correlations between indoor and central site, implying that indoor sources explained part of the low correlation found for 24-h average concentrations. Measurements at a central site may characterize indoor exposure to ambient particles less well for ultrafine particles than for fine particle mass, soot and sulfate. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

引用

页码：156 / 169

页数：14

共 34 条

[21] Exposure assessment of air pollutants: a review on spatial heterogeneity and indoor/outdoor/personal exposure to suspended particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ozone [J].