Memory deficits and increased emotionality induced by β-amyloid (25-35) are correlated with the reduced acetylcholine release and altered phorbol dibutyrate binding in the hippocampus

In the present study we found that chronic infusion of beta -amyloid fragment (25-35) at nanomolar concentration into rat cerebral ventricle impairs learning and memory. At a concentration of 3 nmol/day but not 0.3 nmol/day, beta -amyloid significantly reduced the spontaneous alternation behavior and the memory performance in the water maze and multiple passive avoidance tests. A significant increase in anxiety was also found in the animals infused with 3nmol/day beta -amyloid fragment. Memory deficits and the increased emotionality were correlated with a decreased nicotine-evoked acetylcholine release from the frontal cortex/hippocampus, as assessed by microdialysis, in freely moving rats. The amyloid fragment infused either at pico- or nanomolar concentrations reduced the affinity of [H-3] phorbol dibutyrate binding, an index of activated protein kinase C (PKC), and increased the total number of binding sites in the hippocampal particulate fraction. Our results suggest that the amnesic and anxiogenic effects of chronic infusion of beta -amyloid (25-35) are related to the decreased acetylcholine release and reduced PKC activation.