In-vivo measurement of cortical morphology: means and meanings

Purpose of review Study of the variability of the cortical mantle thickness is now a key issue in neuroimaging. Here we describe a more recent trend aiming at the study of the variability of the cortical folding morphology. Recent findings Computerized three-dimensional versions of gyrification index and other morphometric features dedicated to the folding patterns are modified in psychiatric syndromes and neurologic disorders. These observations provide new insights into the mechanisms involved in abnormal development or abnormal aging. Summary Quantification of the folding morphology will contribute to the global endeavor aiming at building biomarkers from neuroimaging data, with a specific focus on developmental diseases.