Epidemiology and Infectivity of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax Gametocytes in Relation to Malaria Control and Elimination

被引:531
作者
Bousema, Teun [1 ]
Drakeley, Chris [1 ]
机构
[1] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Immunol & Infect, London W1CE 7HT, England
关键词
TRANSMISSION-BLOCKING IMMUNITY; PLUS SULFADOXINE-PYRIMETHAMINE; VACCINE CANDIDATES PVS25; GAMETE SURFACE PROTEIN; SEXUAL-STAGE PARASITES; ARTEMETHER-LUMEFANTRINE COARTEM(R); MEDIATED ISOTHERMAL AMPLIFICATION; ARTEMISININ COMBINATION THERAPY; DIFFERENT ANTIMALARIAL-DRUGS; FORMATION IN-VITRO;
D O I
10.1128/CMR.00051-10
中图分类号
Q93 [微生物学];
学科分类号
071005 ; 100705 ;
摘要
Malaria remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the tropics, with Plasmodium falciparum responsible for the majority of the disease burden and P. vivax being the geographically most widely distributed cause of malaria. Gametocytes are the sexual-stage parasites that infect Anopheles mosquitoes and mediate the onward transmission of the disease. Gametocytes are poorly studied despite this crucial role, but with a recent resurgence of interest in malaria elimination, the study of gametocytes is in vogue. This review highlights the current state of knowledge with regard to the development and longevity of P. falciparum and P. vivax gametocytes in the human host and the factors influencing their distribution within endemic populations. The evidence for immune responses, antimalarial drugs, and drug resistance influencing infectiousness to mosquitoes is reviewed. We discuss how the application of molecular techniques has led to the identification of submicroscopic gametocyte carriage and to a reassessment of the human infectious reservoir. These components are drawn together to show how control measures that aim to reduce malaria transmission, such as mass drug administration and a transmission-blocking vaccine, might better be deployed.
引用
收藏
页码:377 / +
页数:35
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