Relation of plasma homocysteine levels to atherosclerotic vascular disease and inflammation markers in type 2 diabetic patients

Objective: Both hyperhomocysteinemia and increased inflammatory activity Eire shown to be associated with atherosclerosis. The relation of inflammatory activity to homocysteine (Hey) levels is not well established. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the relation of plasma Hey levels to atherosclerotic vascular disease and inflammatory activity in type 2 diabetic patients. Design and methods: In total 90 type 2 diabetic patients were included in the study of these patients, 41 had established atherosclerotic vascular disease and 49 had no evidence of atherosclerotic vascular disease. Hey levels and markers of inflammation, namely C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, erythrocyte sedimentation rate. interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor a (TNF alpha), were measured. Glucose regulation. C-peptide, lipid parameters, and renal functions were also studied. Results: Both Hey levels and inflammation markers were all significantly elevated in patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease when compared with patients without vascular disease. Reduced renal functions were responsible for the majority of Hey elevation in patients with vascular disease. Also, renal functions were significantly associated with both Hcy levels and inflammatory markers. There was no correlation between Hey levels and inflammation markers except for TNF alpha. Conclusions: Inflammatory activity and Hey levels are increased in type 2 diabetic patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease. Impairment of renal functions is the key factor that affects both Hey levels and inflammation markers. Inflammation is not involved in the process by which Hey leads atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes.