MERRA: NASA's Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications

被引:3809
作者
Rienecker, Michele M. [1 ]
Suarez, Max J. [1 ]
Gelaro, Ronald [1 ]
Todling, Ricardo [1 ]
Bacmeister, Julio [1 ,2 ]
Liu, Emily [1 ,3 ]
Bosilovich, Michael G. [1 ]
Schubert, Siegfried D. [1 ]
Takacs, Lawrence [1 ,3 ]
Kim, Gi-Kong [1 ]
Bloom, Stephen [1 ,3 ]
Chen, Junye [1 ,4 ]
Collins, Douglas [1 ,3 ]
Conaty, Austin [1 ,3 ]
Da Silva, Arlindo [1 ]
Gu, Wei [1 ,3 ]
Joiner, Joanna [5 ]
Koster, Randal D. [1 ]
Lucchesi, Robert [1 ,3 ]
Molod, Andrea [1 ,4 ]
Owens, Tommy [1 ,3 ]
Pawson, Steven [1 ]
Pegion, Philip [1 ,3 ]
Redder, Christopher R. [1 ,3 ]
Reichle, Rolf [1 ]
Robertson, Franklin R. [6 ]
Ruddick, Albert G. [1 ,3 ]
Sienkiewicz, Meta [1 ,3 ]
Woollen, Jack [7 ]
机构
[1] NASA, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
[2] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA
[3] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Beltsville, MD USA
[4] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA
[5] NASA, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Branch, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
[6] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA
[7] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD USA
关键词
VARIATIONAL STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; REANALYSIS PROJECT; PART I; TROPICAL STRATOSPHERE; RECURSIVE FILTERS; NUMERICAL ASPECTS; RAWINSONDE DATA; TIME-SERIES;
D O I
10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00015.1
中图分类号
P4 [大气科学(气象学)];
学科分类号
0706 ; 070601 ;
摘要
The Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) was undertaken by NASA's Global Modeling and Assimilation Office with two primary objectives: to place observations from NASA's Earth Observing System satellites into a climate context and to improve upon the hydrologic cycle represented in earlier generations of reanalyses. Focusing on the satellite era, from 1979 to the present, MERRA has achieved its goals with significant improvements in precipitation and water vapor climatology. Here, a brief overview of the system and some aspects of its performance, including quality assessment diagnostics from innovation and residual statistics, is given. By comparing MERRA with other updated reanalyses [the interim version of the next ECMWF ReAnalysis (ERA-Interim) and the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR)], advances made in this new generation of reanalyses, as well as remaining deficiencies, are identified. Although there is little difference between the new reanalyses in many aspects of climate variability, substantial differences remain in poorly constrained quantities such as precipitation and surface fluxes. These differences, due to variations both in the models and in the analysis techniques, are an important measure of the uncertainty in reanalysis products. It is also found that all reanalyses are still quite sensitive to observing system changes. Dealing with this sensitivity remains the most pressing challenge for the next generation of reanalyses. Production has now caught up to the current period and MERRA is being continued as a near-real-time climate analysis. The output is available online through the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC).
引用
收藏
页码:3624 / 3648
页数:25
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