Development of the egg hatch assay for detection of anthelminthic resistance in human hookworms

被引:39
作者
Albonico, M
Wright, V
Ramsan, M
Haji, HJ
Taylor, M
Savioli, L
Bickle, Q
机构
[1] Ivo Carneri Fdn, I-20122 Milan, Italy
[2] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England
[3] Publ Htlh Lab Ivo Carneri, Zanzibar, Tanzania
[4] WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
关键词
egg hatch assay; benzimidazole resistance; hookworms; thiabendazole; mebendazole; anthelmintic;
D O I
10.1016/j.ijpara.2005.02.016
中图分类号
R38 [医学寄生虫学]; Q [生物科学];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ; 100103 ;
摘要
Evidence of development and rapid spread of anthelminthic resistance in veterinary nematodes raises concern that the increasingly frequent treatments used in chemotherapy-based programmes to control human soil-transmitted helminths may select resistant worms. The aim of this study was to adapt, refine, and evaluate the Egg Hatch Assay (EHA) test, which has been used for veterinary nematodes, for field testing of benzimidazole (BZ) susceptibility/resistance in human hookworms. A second objective was to use this EHA to assess whether a population of worms resistant to mebendazole (MBZ) has built up in a sub-population of frequently treated children in Pemba Island. Stools from 470 school children enrolled in the first (Standard 1) and in the fifth (Standard 5) class were examined at baseline and at 21 days after treatment with 500 mg MBZ or placebo tablets. Standard I children had never received any MBZ treatment whilst Standard 5 children had received a total of 13 rounds of treatment. The EHA, involving culture of purified eggs with increasing drug concentrations showed that, for thiabendazole (TBZ), the mean ED(50)s (concentrations required to prevent 50% of the viable eggs from hatching) for all children at baseline were 0.079 mu g/ml at 48 h and 0.120 mu g/ml at 72 h (P < 0.001). For MBZ, the mean ED(50)s for all children at baseline were 0.895 mu g/ml at 48 h and 1.50 mu g/ml at 72 h (P < 0.001). For TBZ and for MBZ the ED50 from Standard I were similar to those from Standard 5 children both at 48 and at 72 h. At the follow-up for TBZ and for MBZ, there was no significant difference between the ED50 from children who had received MBZ and children treated with placebo. In Pemba, TBZ ED50 values of children non-exposed (Standard 1) and of children exposed (Standard 5) to MBZ treatment, and data from children treated with MBZ and placebo indicate that a drug-resistant worm population has not built up within treated individuals, and that periodic treatment has not yet selected for widespread BZ resistance, at least at the threshold detectable by the EHA in this study. However, ED50 values for strains isolated from Mafia island, an area never exposed to BZ treatment were lower than for Pemba, suggesting lowered sensitivity of hookworm eggs recovered from Pembian children towards BZ. (c) 2005 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:803 / 811
页数:9
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