Hypoxia Is Increasing in the Coastal Zone of the Baltic Sea

被引：345

作者：

Conley, Daniel J. ^{[1
]}

Carstensen, Jacob ^{[2
]}

Aigars, Juris ^{[3
]}

Axe, Philip ^{[4
]}

Bonsdorff, Erik ^{[5
]}

Eremina, Tatjana ^{[6
]}

Haahti, Britt-Marie ^{[5
]}

Humborg, Christoph ^{[7
,8
]}

Jonsson, Per ^{[8
]}

Kotta, Jonne ^{[9
]}

Lannegren, Christer ^{[10
]}

Larsson, Ulf ^{[11
]}

Maximov, Alexey ^{[12
]}

Medina, Miguel Rodriguez ^{[7
]}

Lysiak-Pastuszak, Elzbieta ^{[13
]}

Remeikaite-Nikiene, Nijole ^{[14
]}

Walve, Jakob ^{[11
]}

Wilhelms, Sunhild ^{[15
]}

Zillen, Lovisa ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Lund Univ, Dept Earth & Ecosyst Sci, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden

[2] Aarhus Univ, Natl Environm Res Inst, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark

[3] Latvian Inst Aquat Ecol, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia

[4] Swedish Meteorol & Hydrol Inst, SE-42671 Vastra Frolunda, Sweden

[5] Abo Akad Univ, Dept Biosci Environm & Marine Biol, FI-20520 Turku, Finland

[6] Russian State Hydrometeorol Univ, St Petersburg 195196, Russia

[7] Stockholm Univ, Balt Nest Inst, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden

[8] Stockholm Univ, Dept Appl Environm Sci, SE-11418 Stockholm, Sweden

[9] Univ Tartu, Estonian Marine Inst, EE-12618 Tallinn, Estonia

[10] Stockholm Vatten, SE-10636 Stockholm, Sweden

[11] Stockholm Univ, Dept Syst Ecol, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden

[12] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Zool, St Petersburg 199034, Russia

[13] Inst Meteorol & Water, Management Maritime Branch, PL-81342 Gdynia, Poland

[14] Environm Protect Agcy, Dept Marine Res, LT-91149 Klaipeda, Lithuania

[15] Bundesamt Seeschifffahrt & Hydrog, D-20359 Hamburg, Germany

来源：

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY | 2011年 / 45卷 / 16期

关键词：

CYANOBACTERIA BLOOMS; RESPONSES; ECOSYSTEM;

D O I：

10.1021/es201212r

中图分类号：

X [环境科学、安全科学];

学科分类号：

08 ; 0830 ;

摘要：

Hypoxia is a well-described phenomenon in the offshore waters of the Baltic Sea with both the spatial extent and intensity of hypoxia known to have increased due to anthropogenic eutrophication, however, an unknown amount of hypoxia is present in the coastal zone. Here we report on the widespread unprecedented occurrence of hypoxia across the coastal zone of the Baltic Sea. We have identified 115 sites that have experienced hypoxia during the period 1955-2009 increasing the global total to ca. 500 sites, with the Baltic Sea coastal zone containing over 20% of all known sites worldwide. Most sites experienced episodic hypoxia, which is a precursor to development of seasonal hypoxia. The Baltic Sea coastal zone displays an alarming trend with hypoxia steadily increasing with time since the 1950s effecting nutrient biogeochemical processes, ecosystem services, and coastal habitat.

引用

页码：6777 / 6783

页数：7

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