Structural and biological properties of carbon nanotube composite films

Carbon nanotube composite films have been developed that exhibit unusual structural and biological properties. These novel materials have been created by pulsed laser ablation of graphite and bombardment of nitrogen ions at temperatures between 600 and 700 degrees C. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and radial distribution function analysis demonstrate that this material consists of sp(2)-bonded concentric ribbons that are wrapped approximately 15 degrees normal to the silicon substrate. The interlayer order in this material extends to approximately 15-30 angstrom. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy data suggest that this material is predominantly trigonally coordinated. The carbon nanotube composite structure results from the use of energetic ions, which allow for non-equilibrium growth of graphitic planes. In vitro testing has revealed significant antimicrobial activity of carbon nanotube composite films against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus warneri colonization. Carbon nanotube composite films may be useful for inhibiting microorganism attachment and biofilm formation in hemodialysis catheters and other medical devices. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.