Strong in vivo activation of NF-κB in mouse lenses by classic stressors

PURPOSE. To examine the in vivo activation of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB in mouse lens epithelia by using bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), tumor necrosis factor (TNT)-alpha, and UV-B radiation. METHODs. Transgenic mice containing the NF-kappaB-luciferase reporter were injected with LPS, TNF-alpha or, exposed to UV-B. After various exposure times, the mice were killed, and ocular, liver, lung, kidney, spleen, and skin tissue were obtained. Tissue homogenates were examined for luciferase activity with a luminometer. Groups of mice were also imaged in vivo through a light-intensified camera system to assess NF-kappaB activity. RESULTS. LPS- and TNF-alpha injected NF-kappaB-luciferase transgenic mice yielded 20- to 40-fold increases in lens NF-kappaB activity, similar to other LPS- and TNF-alpha-responsive organs. Peak NF-kappaB activity occurred 6 hours after injection of TNF-alpha and 12 hours after injection of LPS. Peak activities were, respectively, 3 and 6 hours later than that in other tissues. Mice exposed to 360 J/m(2) of UV-B exhibited a 16-fold increase in NF-kappaB activity 6 hours after exposure, which are characteristics similar to TNFalpha- exposed mice. In vivo imaging of transgenic mice exposed to LPS, TNF-alpha, and UV-B radiation demonstrated a similarity between in vitro and in vivo measurements of NF-kappaB activity. CONCLUSIONs. In NF-kappaB-luciferase transgenic mice, NF-kappaB activity occurs in lens epithelial tissue and is activated when the intact mouse is exposed to bacterial LPS, TNF-alpha, or UV-B. Lens epithelial NF-kappaB kinetics were comparable to those of other tissues, indicating that NF-kappaB may play a role in progression or arrest of lens disorders.