Conformational regulation of the fibronectin binding and α3β1 integrin-mediated adhesive activities of thrombospondin-1

The recognition of extracellular matrix components can be regulated by conformational changes that alter the activity of cell surface integrins. We now demonstrate that conformational regulation of the matrix glycoprotein thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) can also modulate its binding to an integrin receptor. F18 1G8 is a conformation-sensitive TSP1 antibody that binds weakly to soluble TSP1 in the presence of divalent cations. However, binding of the antibody to melanoma cells was strongly stimulated by adding exogenous TSP1 in the presence of calcium, suggesting that TSP1 undergoes a conformational change following its binding to the cell surface. This conformation was not induced by known cell surface TSP1 receptors, whereas binding of F18 was stimulated when TSP1 bound to fibronectin but not to heparin or fibrinogen. Conversely, binding of F18 to TSP1 enhanced TSP1 binding to fibronectin. Exogenous fibronectin also stimulated TSP1-dependent binding of F18 to melanoma cells. Binding of the fibronectin-TSP1 complex to melanoma cells was mediated by alpha (4)beta (1) and alpha (5)beta (1) integrins. Furthermore, binding to F18 or fibronectin strongly enhanced the adhesive activity of immobilized TSP1 for some cell types. This enhancement of adhesion was mediated by alpha (3)beta (1) integrin and required that the alpha (3)beta (1) integrin be in an active state. Fibronectin also enhanced TSP1 binding to purified alpha (3)beta (1) integrin. Therefore, both fibronectin and the F18 antibody induce conformational changes in TSP1 that enhance the ability of TSP1 to be recognized by alpha (3)beta (1) integrin. The conformational and functional regulation of TSP1 activity by fibronectin represents a novel mechanism for extracellular signal transduction.